Seizure Disorder Definition Type Cause treatment And Prevention

Seizure Disorder 

Definition
A seizure is a sudden disruption of the brain's normal electrical activity accompanied by altered consciousness and/or other neurological and behavioral manifestations. Epilepsy is a condition characterized by recurrent seizures that may include repetitive muscle jerking called convulsions.

Type Of Seizure Disorder

There are two basic types of seizures:

• Epileptic: These seizures have no apparent cause  and occur repeatedly. These seizures are called a “seizure disorder” or “epilepsy.”
• Nonepileptic: These seizures are triggered (provoked) by a disorder or another condition that irritates the brain. In children, a fever can trigger a nonepileptic seizure.

Causes

The origin of 50-70% of all cases of epilepsy is unknown.

• Head trauma resulting from a car accident, gunshot wound, or other injury.
• Alcoholism
• Brain abscess or inflammation of membranes covering the brain or spinal cord
• Phenylketonuria (PKU, a disease that is present at birth, often is characterized by seizures, and can result in mental retardation) and other inherited disorders
• Infectious diseases like measles, mumps, and diphtheria
• Lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, or ingestion of some other poisonous substance
• Suddenly discontinuing anti-seizure medication
• Hypoxic or metabolic encephalopathy (brain disease resulting from lack of oxygen or malfunctioning of other physical or chemical processes)
• Acute head injury
• Blood infection caused by inflammation of the brain or the membranes that cover it

Symptoms:

• Chew or smack the lips involuntarily
• Move the hands, arms, and legs in strange, purposeless ways
• Utter meaningless sounds
• Have severe muscle spasms and jerking throughout the body
• Fall down
• Forcefully turn their head to one side
• Clench their teeth
• Bite their tongue (often occurs)
• Drool or froth at the mouth
• Lose bladder control

Treatment:
 Long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy is the most common form of epilepsy treatment.
Medication
A combination of drugs may be needed to control some symptoms, but most patients who have epilepsy take one of the following medications:

• Dilantin (phenytoin)
• Tegretol (carbamazepine)
• Barbita (phenobarbital)
• Mysoline (primidone)
• Depakene (valproic acid, sodium valproate)
• Klonopin (clonazepam)
• Zarontin (ethosuximide).

First aid for seizures:

• A person having a grand mal seizure should be helped to lie down.
• Tight clothing should be loosened. 
• A soft, flat object like a towel or the palm of a hand should be placed under the person's head.
• Forcing a hard object into the mouth of someone having a grand mal seizure could cause injuries or breathing problems. 
• If the person's mouth is open, placing a folded cloth or other soft object between his teeth will protect his tongue. 
• Turning his head to the side will help him breathe. 
• After a grand mal seizure has ended, the person who had the seizure should be told what has happened and reminded of where he is.

Prevention:

All Natural Supplementary 

• Eating properly.
• Getting enough sleep.
• Controlling stress and fevers can help prevent seizures. 
• A person who has epilepsy should be careful not to hyperventilate. 
• A person who experiences an aura should find a safe place to lie down and stay there until the seizure passes. 
• Anticonvulsant medications should not be stopped suddenly and, if other medications are prescribed or discontinued, the doctor treating the seizures should be notified.
• In some conditions, such as severe head injury, brain surgery, or subarachnoid hemorrhage, anticonvulsant medications may be given to the patient to prevent seizures.

Heart Attack Definition Cause Symptoms Diagnosis Prevention

Definition:

A heart attack (also called myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome) is when part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies because it isn't receiving enough oxygen. Normally, the blood in coronary arteries carries oxygen to the heart muscle. Most heart attacks occur when a blockage slows down or stops the flow of blood through these arteries.Heart attacks are usually treatable when diagnosed quickly. However, without treatment, heart attacks can be fatal.

 Causes heart attack:

• Smoking.
• Diabetes.
• Age--Risk increases for men older than 45 years of age and for women older than 55 years of age (or after menopause). 
• High cholesterol level.
• High blood pressure.
• Family history of heart attack.
• Lack of exercise.
• Stress.
• Obesity.

 Symptoms of heart attack:

• Chest discomfort, which may feel like pain, pressure, tightness, heaviness or burning (also called angina).
• Pain or discomfort in the neck, shoulders, lower jaw, arms, upper back or abdomen.
• Shortness of breath that lasts more than a few seconds.
• Feeling lightheaded, dizzy or faint.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Unusual sweating.
• Overwhelming fatigue.
• Feeling anxious.
• Heart palpitations.

Diagnosis:

Electrocardiogram (ECG):

This test records the electrical activity of heart. It can help diagnose heart rhythm problems or any damage that the decrease in blood flow may have caused to  heart.
Blood tests:

 A simple blood test can detect these proteins. It will probably want to test blood several times during the first 24 hours to 48 hours after yours symptoms start.
Chest X-ray:

 This test allows to evaluate the size and shape of heart. It also shows if there is any congestion (fluid) in lungs.

Coronary angiography:

 This test is sometimes called cardiac catheterization. In this test, a long tube is inserted into a blood vessel. The tube is guided to the heart or arteries that carry blood to the heart. Then, a substance is injected into the tube. This substance is visible by X-ray. It allows doctor to see where the blockage that caused the decrease in blood flow to the heart is located.

Prevention:

• Eat a heart-healthy diet
• Improve cholesterol levels
• Exercise
• Control diabetes
• Control high blood pressure
• Control weight
• Manage stress
• Quit smoking